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Midtown Detroit is a mixed-use area consisting of a business district, cultural center, a major research university, and several residential neighborhoods, located along the east and west side of Woodward Avenue north of Downtown Detroit between the New Center area. The community area of neighborhoods is bounded by the Chrysler Freeway (I-75) on the east, the Lodge Freeway (M-10) on the west, the Edsel Ford Freeway (I-94) on the north, and the Fisher Freeway (I-75) on the south.〔(Midtown location ) from the University Cultural Center Association, retrieved 6/9/09〕 The area includes several historic districts, the Detroit Medical Center, and Wayne State University. ==Overview== The Midtown area is a general mixed-use community area of neighborhoods containing successive waves of development that have transformed the area multiple times since it was first platted. The neighborhoods are dominated by the thoroughfare of Woodward Avenue, which runs north and south through the heart of Midtown.〔(Midtown Detroit map ) from the University Cultural Center Association, retrieved 6/30/09〕 Woodward Avenue, running north and south through the center of the neighborhood, is primarily inhabited by commercial businesses, public-oriented/cultural institutions, and religious buildings. The heart of the cultural center (the Detroit Public Library and the Detroit Institute of Arts) is located directly on Woodward in the northern part of Midtown. The north part of Midtown west of Woodward Avenue is dominated by Wayne State University, whose campus subsumes nearly the entire northwest portion of Midtown north of Warren Avenue and West of Woodward.〔(Map of Wayne ), retrieved 6/29/09〕 Wayne State University's campus covers in the northwestern section of Midtown.〔(About WSU ) from the Cancer Biology program (retrieved 6/9/09)〕 Wayne's campus is irregular, and parts extend south of Warren (notably Old Main) and north of I-94, out of Midtown and into the New Center neighborhood. Wayne is one of Michigan's three research institutions and serves over 32,000 students.〔 The first portion of what later became Wayne State University was the Detroit Medical College, which was founded in 1868. The school of education was begun in 1881.〔(Historical timeline ) from WSU (retrieved 6/9/09)〕 In 1896, Old Main was built as Detroit's Central High School. College classes were added in 1913, and these Liberal Arts classes evolved into Detroit Junior College in 1917. The school began offering four-year degrees in 1923 and graduate courses were added in 1930. In 1933, the previously disparate colleges were united under one administration into Wayne University. In 1956, the school was renamed Wayne State University.〔 Since the early 1940s, Wayne State University, backed by the City Planning Commission, has shaped the development of the surrounding area through its plan for growth. The availability of urban redevelopment grants beginning in the 1950s became an important funding resource for expansion of the university.〔(University-Cultural Center Phase I MRA ) from the National Park Service〕 The size of the campus has continued to expand, with the University constructing new building as well as repurposing older buildings located in the area. As of Winter 2009, nearly 30,000 students were enrolled at Wayne State: over 18,000 undergraduate students andover 8000 graduates students, with the remainder enrolled in professional programs.〔(Headcount Enrollment, 2000–2009 ), Wayne State University, retrieved 6/24/09.〕 The Art Center (or Cultural Center) is centered on the Cultural Center Historic District: the Detroit Public Library, the Detroit Institute of Arts, and the Horace H. Rackham Education Memorial Building. The district contains several cultural attractions. The library and art museum were built in the 1920s, heralding a City Beautiful movement in Detroit that aimed to establish the area along Woodward as the cultural center of the city.〔 Wayne State University, then housed in the former Central High School, began offering four-year degrees. These institutions formed a core area that attracted other public-oriented institutions to the area, including several music schools, the Merrill-Palmer Institute, the Detroit Historical Museum, and the College for Creative Studies.〔 The Charles H. Wright Museum of African American History, the Detroit Science Center, and the Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit also are located in the Art Center area. The Art Center portion of Midtown also contains substantial residential areas, including the East Ferry Avenue Historic District and scattered late-19th century homes to the east of the Detroit Institute of Art. These neighborhoods have been infilled with townhomes and other residential developments and revitalizations.〔(Development map ) from the University Cultural Center Association, retrieved 6/30/09.〕 South of Wayne State University, the North Cass (or Cass Farm) area contains a substantial number of multi-unit apartment houses, many mixed with earlier single-family homes. This area has been heavily influenced by the expansion of Wayne State, with some of WSU's campus extending into the northern section of North Cass, and much of the residential housing stock taken up by Wayne students. (Shelborne Development ) has several communities in Midtown Detroit offering affordable multi-unit apartments. There are also a number of commercial buildings, particularly along the Cass Corridor just west of Woodward. Many of these support commercial businesses, and an independent retail study by the University Cultural Center Association has shown that the number of independent retail outlets in Midtown, Detroit is increasing. The north Cass section also has a smattering of industrial buildings dating from the automotive heyday of Detroit. Many of these, such as the Willys Overland building,〔 have been or are being converted into residential loft space. The Detroit Medical Center was organized in 1985 as a union among several hospitals: Harper University Hospital, Grace Hospital, Hutzel Women's Hospital, and Children's Hospital of Michigan.〔(Arthur M. Woodford, ) ''This is Detroit, 1701–2001 ,'' ISBN 0-8143-2914-4, pp. 232–233.〕 With the addition of other hospitals, such as Detroit Receiving Hospital, the campus of the DMC and its adjacent partner institutions (the Karmanos Cancer Institute and the John D. Dingell Veteran's Administration Hospital Center)〔(Health Directory ) from the University Cultural Center Association, retrieved 6/26/09〕 now takes up most of the area between Mack Avenue on the south, Warren Avenue on the north, John R. on the west, and Beaubien on the east.〔(Map of the DMC ), retrieved 6/24/09〕 Harper Hospital was founded in 1863, receiving its first patients, Civil War soldiers, in 1864.〔(Harper Hospital papers ) from WSU's Reuther library. Retrieved 6/24/09.〕 Two years later it opened as a general hospital. In 1882 a new hospital building was constructed on what is now the campus of the DMC. Additional buildings were constructed in 1913 and 1928.〔 Hutzel Women's Hospital, founded in 1868, was Detroit's second hospital.〔(History ) from Hutzel Women's Hospital, retrieved 6/24/09〕 Grace Hospital was founded in 1883,〔(History ) from Sinai-Grace Hospital. Retrieved 6/24/09〕 and Children's Hospital was founded three years later.〔(History and profile ) from Detroit Medical Center, retrieved 6/24/09〕 Detroit Receiving was founded in 1915, and moved to its present location in 1980.〔(History ) from Detroit Receiving, retrieved 6/24/09〕 As of 2009, The DMC has more than 2,000 licensed beds and 3,000 affiliated physicians. The DMC is the affiliated clinical research site for medical program at Wayne State University, the nation’s fourth largest medical school.〔(Careers at the DMC ), retrieved 6/24/09〕 It is the largest private employer in the city of Detroit with more than 12,000 employees.〔 On March 19, 2010, Vanguard Health Systems announced plans to invest nearly $1.5 B in Detroit Medical Center, including $850 M for expansion and renovation, and $417 M to retire debts, pending approval of its acquisition.〔Anstett, Patricia (March 20, 2010).($1.5 Billion for new DMC ).''Detroit Free Press''. DMC.org. Retrieved on June 12, 2010.〕 In 2012, two major construction projects were begun in New Center, the Henry Ford Health System started the first phase of a $500 million, 300-acre revitalization project, with the construction of a new $30 million, 275,000-square-foot, ''Medical Distribution Center'' for Cardinal Health, Inc. and Wayne State University started construction on a new $93 million, 207,000-square-foot, Integrative Biosciences Center (IBio).〔Henderson, Tom (April 15, 2012).( WSU to build $93M biotech hub ). ''Crains Detroit Business''. Retrieved on March 15, 2015.〕 As many as 500 researchers, and staff will work out of the IBio Center. South of Martin Luther King Jr Boulevard, the area of Midtown around Cass Park is at a substantial distance from both the downtown core and the influence of Wayne State. The area around Cass Park proper is anchored by Cass Technical High School and the Detroit Masonic Temple, but the portion near Woodward Avenue and the once-fashionable Park Avenue district are awaiting redevelopment. The Brush Park district proper runs from Mack Avenue to the Fisher freeway, and extends east and west from Woodward Avenue to Beaubien Street.〔Pfeffer, Jaime, (September 12, 2006).(Falling for Bush Park ). ''Metro Times''. Retrieved on June 14, 2008.〕〔Archambault, Dennis (February 14, 2006).(Forging Bush Park ). ''Metro Times''. Retrieved on 6/30/09.〕 Brush Park was developed beginning in the 1850s as a residential neighborhood for Detroit's elite citizens.〔(Brush Park Historic District ) from the City of Detroit〕 Construction peaked in the 1870s and 1880s; one of the last homes built was constructed in 1906 by architect Albert Kahn for his personal use. Early residents of Brush Park included lumber baron David Whitney Jr., his daughter Grace Whitney Evans, Joseph L. Hudson, founder of the eponymous department store, lumber baron Lucien Moore, banker Frederick Butler, and dry goods manufacturer Ransom Gillis. During the 19th century, around 300 homes were built in Brush Park, including 70 Victorian mansions.〔 The neighborhood is currently experiencing restoration of its historic homes; at present, about 80 original structures remain in the area. Brush Park's revival began in the 1990s and has accelerated recently. A number of the older mansions have been restored, and more have been stabilized. In addition, new condominiums have been built in the southern part of Brush Park, near the Fisher Freeway.〔(Dennis Archambault, ) "Forging Brush Park," 2/14/06〕 In the far southeastern corner of Midtown, to the east of Beaubien and Brush Park proper, the Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects are located near the Chrysler Freeway. Midtown contains within its boundaries a number of historic districts and neighborhoods.〔(Historic Districts ) from the University Cultural Center Association, retrieved 6/9/09〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cityscape Detroit – see neighborhoods )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Midtown Detroit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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